Theory of Mind (TOM) scales
The internationally widely used Theory of Mind Scale (ToM Scale; Wellman & Liu, 2004) is a measure of social competence that assesses the ability of young children to attribute mental states (e.g. beliefs, goals, desires, emotions) to other people, and to understand and predict their behavior as a function of those states. The ToM Scale consists of seven tasks that increase in difficulty.
In YOUth, five tasks of the ToM scales were assessed: diverse desires, knowledge access, contents false belief, diverse beliefs, and real-apparant emotion. The tasks consisted of a short story told by the experimenter and asking children test questions about the explained situations (e.g., "Does Karin know what is in this drawer?", "Which of these two snacks would mr. de Jong choose?").
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5.0 - 7.0 years From 2022-07-01 to 2023-11-01 |
Mode of collection | MeasurementsAndTests Behavioral/cognitive task |
Analysis unit | Individual |
Instrument name | Theory of Mind (TOM) scales |
Alternate name | Theory of Mind (TOM) scales |
Measure name | Theory of Mind (TOM) scales |
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Measure was collected within the following cohort study:
Purpose | To understand brain and behavioral development of children, we measure a broad range of biological, child-related and environmental determinants. Specifically, we investigate how these determinants influence the development of social competence and behavioral control, and how this relationship is mediated by the developing brain. |
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Time method | Longitudinal |
Universe | YOUth stands for Youth Of Utrecht, as we aim to include a population-based sample from Utrecht and its surrounding areas in the Netherlands. The region from which the participants are recruited is a densely populated region that combines both urban and rural areas, and covers the province of Utrecht and a few cities on the borders of this province. The catchment area of YOUth represents approximately 7.6 % of the Dutch population of currently over 17 million inhabitants in the country. Approximately 16 % of the inhabitants of the province of Utrecht are 0–10 years old. Compared to the rest of the Netherlands, inhabitants of the province of Utrecht are relatively highly educated; In 2015 approximately 38 % of the population was highly educated compared to 28 % in the rest of the country. |
Measure was collected within the following cohort(s):
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Description | The YOUth Baby & Child cohort includes 3000 pregnant women at 20 weeks of pregnancy, and their partners. The children that were born from these pregnancies visit our Child Research Center at several moments during their lives and are followed for at least 6 years. |
Purpose | To understand brain and behavioral development of children, we measure a broad range of biological, child-related and environmental determinants. Specifically, we investigate how these determinants influence the development of social competence and behavioral control and how this relationship is mediated by the developing brain. |
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Country code | NL |
Geographic location | Utrecht region |
Lowest geographic reference | postal code |
Highest geographic reference | country |
Cohort universe description | Children aged 0-6 from the Utrecht region |
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Additional info (URL) | https://doi.org/10.24416/UU01-729A2Y |
Additional information | Dummy data for all YOUth data are publicly available via Yoda. |
Time method | Longitudinal.CohortEventBased |
Measure was collected within the following wave(s):
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Short description of the wave | The 6y wave in the YOUth Baby & Child Cohort consisted of tasks, electroencephalograpy (EEG), eyetracking, and biological measurements, and parent-child interaction among children aged 5-7 years old and questionnaires filled out by their parents. |
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(sub) cohort | YOUth: Baby and Child |
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Start date wave collection | 2022-07-01 |
End date wave collection | 2023-11-01 |
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Description of physical data product | Digital files, biomedical samples |
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author | None |
author_email | None |
creator_user_id | 34768773-4537-4d74-8d9d-11e2b32cbbaf |
dc_additional_info | In YOUth, five tasks of the ToM scales were assessed: diverse desires, knowledge access, contents false belief, diverse beliefs, and real-apparant emotion. The tasks consisted of a short story told by the experimenter and asking children test questions about the explained situations (e.g., "Does Karin know what is in this drawer?", "Which of these two snacks would mr. de Jong choose?"). |
dc_alternate_name | Theory of Mind (TOM) scales |
dc_analysis_unit | {Individual} |
dc_cohort | YOUth |
dc_instrument_name | Theory of Mind (TOM) scales |
dc_measure_name | Theory of Mind (TOM) scales |
id | 40f69644-faa0-4e8b-aeae-8466fc328dbc |
isopen | False |
license_title | None |
maintainer | None |
maintainer_email | None |
metadata_created | 2024-10-17T11:45:16.242577 |
metadata_modified | 2024-10-20T12:25:02.221056 |
name | 7580838c26dcdce51a307f904a89260b |
notes | The internationally widely used Theory of Mind Scale (ToM Scale; Wellman & Liu, 2004) is a measure of social competence that assesses the ability of young children to attribute mental states (e.g. beliefs, goals, desires, emotions) to other people, and to understand and predict their behavior as a function of those states. The ToM Scale consists of seven tasks that increase in difficulty. |
num_resources | 0 |
num_tags | 0 |
organization | {'id': 'c64f3b11-639d-4246-ac50-2e6d78c8d155', 'name': 'youth', 'title': 'YOUth', 'type': 'organization', 'description': "YOUth is a large-scale longitudinal cohort study following children from the city of Utrecht and its surrounding areas in their development from pregnancy until early adulthood. The YOUth cohort focuses on neurocognitive development involved in two core characteristics of behavioral development: social competence and behavioral control. YOUth includes children from the general population to cover the whole range of variation in behavioral development, ranging from uncomplicated development, through problem behavior, to psychiatric disorders. To understand why some children develop problematic behavior, and others show resilience, YOUth measures a broad range of biological, child-related and environmental determinants.YOUth conducts repeated measurements at regular intervals (i.e. 'waves'). Specifically, the study has two inclusion moments: YOUth Baby & Child and YOUth Child & Adolescent. YOUth applies a flexible longitudinal design to the cohorts, meaning that children are measured at broader age ranges (3-year age ranges) at each wave. The main benefit of the flexible age design is that it provides more detailed information on the neurodevelopmental curves over time.An extensive data set is generated, including 3D-ultrasound sweeps of the fetal brain, eye tracking, EEG, (f)MRI, computer tasks, cognitive measurements and parent-child observations. We also collect a broad range of questionnaires on behavior, personality, health, lifestyle, parenting, child development, use of (social) media and more. Finally, (umbilical) blood samples, buccal swabs, saliva and hair samples are collected at each visit, and stored in the UMC Utrecht Biobank.", 'image_url': 'https://data.individualdevelopment.nl/img/logo_youth.png', 'created': '2024-10-17T13:42:26.820616', 'is_organization': True, 'approval_status': 'approved', 'state': 'active'} |
owner_org | c64f3b11-639d-4246-ac50-2e6d78c8d155 |
private | False |
state | active |
title | Theory of Mind (TOM) scales |
type | measure |
cohort | [{'cohort_alternate_title': ['YOUth Baby and Child', 'Baby & Child', 'YOUth baby en kind'], 'cohort_description': 'The YOUth Baby & Child cohort includes 3000 pregnant women at 20 weeks of pregnancy, and their partners. The children that were born from these pregnancies visit our Child Research Center at several moments during their lives and are followed for at least 6 years.', 'cohort_info_description': 'Dummy data for all YOUth data are publicly available via Yoda.', 'cohort_info_url': 'https://doi.org/10.24416/UU01-729A2Y', 'cohort_language': 'NL', 'cohort_purpose': 'To understand brain and behavioral development of children, we measure a broad range of biological, child-related and environmental determinants. 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'cohort_contributor_identifier_type': 'ORCID', 'cohort_contributor_pid': '0000-0001-9015-3550'}], 'cohort_creator': [{'cohort_creator_affiliation': 'Utrecht University', 'cohort_creator_affiliation_identifier': 'https://ror.org/04pp8hn57', 'cohort_creator_affiliation_identifier_scheme': 'ROR', 'cohort_creator_affiliation_identifier_schemeuri': 'https://ror.org/', 'cohort_creator_identifier_schemeuri': 'https://orcid.org/', 'cohort_creator_identifier_type': 'ORCID', 'cohort_creator_name': 'Kemner, Chantal', 'cohort_creator_pid': '0000-0002-8879-2588'}], 'cohort_funding': [{'cohort_funder': 'Dutch Research Council', 'cohort_funder_award_title': 'Gravitation program', 'cohort_funder_identifier': 'https://ror.org/04jsz6e67', 'cohort_funder_identifier_schemuri': 'https://ror.org/', 'cohort_funder_identifier_type': 'ROR', 'cohort_grant_number': '024.001.003'}], 'cohort_publisher': [{'cohort_publisher_identifier': 'https://ror.org/04pp8hn57', 'cohort_publisher_identifier_type': 'ROR', 'cohort_publisher_name': 'Utrecht University'}, {'cohort_publisher_identifier': 'https://ror.org/0575yy874', 'cohort_publisher_identifier_type': 'ROR', 'cohort_publisher_name': 'University Medical Center Utrecht'}], 'cohort_references': [{'cohort_reference_citation': 'Onland-Moret, N. C., Buizer-Voskamp, J. E., Albers, M. E., Brouwer, R. M., Buimer, E. E., Hessels, R. S., ... & Kemner, C. (2020). The YOUth study: Rationale, design, and study procedures. Developmental cognitive neuroscience, 46, 100868. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dcn.2020.100868', 'cohort_reference_identifier': 'https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dcn.2020.100868', 'cohort_reference_identifier_type': 'DOI', 'cohort_reference_type': 'IsDescribedBy'}]}] |
dc_DOI | [{'dc_identifier_type': 'DOI', 'dc_pid': '10.60641/23yq-qb74'}] |
dc_constructs | [{'dc_construct': 'sociocognitive and emotional development'}] |
dc_labels | [{'dc_label': 'theory of mind'}, {'dc_label': 'social cognition'}, {'dc_label': 'social competence'}, {'dc_label': 'personality'}, {'dc_label': 'mental health'}, {'dc_label': 'mental state attribution'}, {'dc_label': 'autism'}, {'dc_label': 'autism spectrum disorder'}, {'dc_label': 'autistic trait'}] |
dc_measurement_references | [{'dc_measurements_references_citation': 'Wellman, H. M., & Liu, D. (2004). Scaling of Theory‐of‐Mind Tasks. Child Development, 75(2), 523–541. Portico. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8624.2004.00691.x\n', 'dc_measurements_references_doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8624.2004.00691.x'}] |
dc_modes_of_collection | [{'dc_mode_of_collection': 'MeasurementsAndTests'}] |
dc_modes_of_collection_sub | [{'dc_mode_of_collection_sub': 'Behavioral/cognitive task'}] |
measure_age_range | [{'measure_age_month': 60}, {'measure_age_month': 61}, {'measure_age_month': 62}, {'measure_age_month': 63}, {'measure_age_month': 64}, {'measure_age_month': 65}, {'measure_age_month': 66}, {'measure_age_month': 67}, {'measure_age_month': 68}, {'measure_age_month': 69}, {'measure_age_month': 70}, {'measure_age_month': 71}, {'measure_age_month': 72}, {'measure_age_month': 73}, {'measure_age_month': 74}, {'measure_age_month': 75}, {'measure_age_month': 76}, {'measure_age_month': 77}, {'measure_age_month': 78}, {'measure_age_month': 79}, {'measure_age_month': 80}, {'measure_age_month': 81}, {'measure_age_month': 82}, {'measure_age_month': 83}, {'measure_age_month': 84}] |
study | [{'study_alternate_title': ['YOUth', 'YOUth cohort', 'YOUth cohort study'], 'study_language': 'NL', 'study_purpose': 'To understand brain and behavioral development of children, we measure a broad range of biological, child-related and environmental determinants. Specifically, we investigate how these determinants influence the development of social competence and behavioral control, and how this relationship is mediated by the developing brain.', 'study_time_method': 'Longitudinal', 'study_universe': 'YOUth stands for Youth Of Utrecht, as we aim to include a population-based sample from Utrecht and its surrounding areas in the Netherlands. The region from which the participants are recruited is a densely populated region that combines both urban and rural areas, and covers the province of Utrecht and a few cities on the borders of this province. The catchment area of YOUth represents approximately 7.6 % of the Dutch population of currently over 17 million inhabitants in the country. Approximately 16 % of the inhabitants of the province of Utrecht are 0–10 years old. Compared to the rest of the Netherlands, inhabitants of the province of Utrecht are relatively highly educated; In 2015 approximately 38 % of the population was highly educated compared to 28 % in the rest of the country.', 'title': 'Youth of Utrecht', 'study_contact': [{'study_contact_affiliation': 'Utrecht University', 'study_contact_mail': 'datamanagement.fsw@uu.nl', 'study_contact_name': 'Datamanagement FSW'}], 'study_contributor': [{'study_contributor_affiliation': 'Utrecht University', 'study_contributor_affiliation_identifier': 'https://ror.org/04pp8hn57', 'study_contributor_affiliation_identifier_scheme': 'ROR', 'study_contributor_affiliation_identifier_schemeuri': 'https://ror.org/', 'study_contributor_identifier_schemeuri': 'https://orcid.org/', 'study_contributor_identifier_type': 'ORCID', 'study_contributor_name': 'Scholten, Ron', 'study_contributor_pid': '0000-0002-4571-8855'}, {'study_contributor_affiliation': 'Utrecht University', 'study_contributor_affiliation_identifier': 'https://ror.org/04pp8hn57', 'study_contributor_affiliation_identifier_scheme': 'ROR', 'study_contributor_affiliation_identifier_schemeuri': 'https://ror.org/', 'study_contributor_identifier_schemeuri': 'https://orcid.org/', 'study_contributor_identifier_type': 'ORCID', 'study_contributor_name': 'Hulshoff Pol, Hilleke', 'study_contributor_pid': '0000-0002-2038-5281'}, {'study_contributor_affiliation': 'Utrecht University', 'study_contributor_affiliation_identifier': 'https://ror.org/04pp8hn57', 'study_contributor_affiliation_identifier_scheme': 'ROR', 'study_contributor_affiliation_identifier_schemeuri': 'https://ror.org/', 'study_contributor_identifier_schemeuri': 'https://orcid.org/', 'study_contributor_identifier_type': 'ORCID', 'study_contributor_name': 'Bos, Dienke', 'study_contributor_pid': '0000-0002-0427-4573'}, {'study_contributor_affiliation': 'Utrecht University', 'study_contributor_affiliation_identifier': 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