Saliva sample - Testosterone

Saliva was collected using a cotton swab or a collection device, such as a tube or container (passive drool).

In L-CID, the saliva sample of passive drool was used to measure testosterone. Over the course of the two weekdays (first two days of data collection), parents collected saliva samples from their children at three time-points (after awakening, between 16:00 and 18:00 and 30 minutes after dinner). The saliva was collected by requiring the children to spit into a small tube (passive drooling). Parents were asked to store the saliva in the freezer. Once collected, saliva samples were stored at −20° Celsius at the university.

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Keywords	genetics biological markers dna epigenetics omics saliva saliva sample biological sample biological data cortisol biomarkers passive drool hormones dhea dehydroepiandrosterone testosterone infection inflammation
Constructs	physiology
Waves	Middle Childhood Cohort MCC - T5   C 11.0 - 13.0 years   From 2019-11-04 to 2021-04-28
Mode of collection	MeasurementsAndTests    Biological sample/measurement
Analysis unit	Individual
Instrument name	Saliva samples - Cortisol & Pubertal hormones (cheek swab or passive drool)
Measure name	Saliva sample - Testosterone

Measure was collected within the following cohort study:

Leiden Consortium on Individual Development Cohort study

Purpose	The primary aim of the Leiden-CID study is to increase our understanding of the developmental pathways of social behavior and behavioral control that are important to the development of social competence, from early childhood to young adulthood. If we better understand the mechanisms involved in developmental processes of social competence, this allows us to understand optimal conditions that add to the well-being of developing individuals.
description
Alternate title	L-CID, Leiden-CID, Samen Uniek
Data access information	L-CID believes that open science is important in improving scientific quality. Therefore, our we make our codebooks, protocols and collected (meta)data accessible to other researchers. https://www.developmentmatters.nl/data-access/
Publisher	Leiden University Leiden University Medical Center
Principal investigators	van IJzendoorn, Marinus Leiden University, Erasmus University Rotterdam, University of Cambridge Crone, Eveline Leiden University, Erasmus University Rotterdam Bakermans-Kranenburg, Marian Leiden University, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Engels, Rutger Leiden University, Erasmus University Rotterdam
Cohort study international identifier
Language	NL
Funding information	Dutch Research Council Funder identifier Funder identifier type Funder identifier type URI Funder award title Funder award URI
Contact information	Eveline Crone Leiden University, Erasmus University Rotterdam ecrone@fsw.leidenuniv.nl
References	Crone, E. A., Achterberg, M., Dobbelaar, S., Euser, S., van den Bulk, B., van der Meulen, M., ... & van IJzendoorn, M. H. (2020). Neural and behavioral signatures of social evaluation and adaptation in childhood and adolescence: the Leiden consortium on individual development (L-CID). Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience, 45, 100805. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dcn.2020.100805 Euser, S., Bakermans-Kranenburg, M. J., van den Bulk, B. G., Linting, M., Damsteegt, R. C., Vrijhof, C. I., ... & van IJzendoorn, M. H. (2016). Efficacy of the Video-feedback Intervention to promote Positive Parenting and Sensitive Discipline in Twin Families (VIPP-Twins): Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. BMC Psychology, 4(1), 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40359-016-0139-y
Additional info (URL)
Additional information
Contributors	Wierenga, Lara Leiden University Achterberg, Michelle Leiden University, Erasmus University Rotterdam
Time method	Longitudinal
Universe	Same-sex (51% girls), mono- and dizygotic twins between 3 and 16 years old, and their parents (primary parent and other parent). Children in the early childhood cohort (ECC; N = 476) were followed from 3 to 9 years of age, whereas children in the middle childhood cohort (MCC; N = 514) were followed from 7 to 16 years. All participants lived in the Netherlands (within two hours travel time from Leiden). The majority of the participants were Caucasian (ECC: 88%, MCC: 90%). Additionally, participants had both a low, middle-, as well as a high socio-economic status (ECC: 7–37–56%, MCC: 9–46–45%). To be eligible to participate, potential participants had to be fluent in Dutch, their parents and grandparents had to be born in Europe (because of genetic analyses), and the twins should have the same gender. Excluded were children with a congenital disability, psychological disorder, chronic illness, hereditary disease, or a visual or hearing impairment if the disorder disabled the child from performing the behavioral tasks or from participating in the (f)MRI or EEG/ERP measure. Children with a previously diagnosed intellectual disability (IQ < 70), history of neurological or psychiatric illness and/or use of psychotropic medications were also excluded. Lastly, contraindications for fMRI, including metal implants, heart arrhythmia, and claustrophobia would lead to exclusion as well.

Measure was collected within the following cohort(s):

L-CID: Early Childhood Cohort Cohort

Alternate title	ecc
Description	The Early Childhood Cohort of the Leiden Consortium on Individual Development (L-CID) is a large-scale longitudinal intervention study in which +-250 families with same-sex twins, aged 3-4 at wave 1, are followed over a six year period. Annual assessments consist of alternating lab- or home visits during which behavioral and neurobiological data are collected. The collected data allow, among others, for testing which child characteristics shape the effect of (manipulated) environmental factors. The aim of the Early Childhood Cohort is twofold: 1. To investigate the development of social competence and behavioral control in children between 3 and 9 years old; 2. To dissect the reason why not all children are equally responsive to variations in the social environment.
Purpose	The primary aim of the Early Childhood Cohort of the Leiden Consortium on Individual Development (L-CID) study is to increase our understanding of the developmental pathways of social behavior and behavioral control that are important to the development of social competence, from early childhood to middle childhood. If we better understand the mechanisms involved in developmental processes of social competence, this allows us to understand optimal conditions that add to the well-being of developing individuals.
Publisher	Leiden University Leiden University Medical Center
Creators	van IJzendoorn, Marinus Leiden University, Erasmus University Rotterdam, University of Cambridge Crone, Eveline Leiden University, Erasmus University Rotterdam Bakermans-Kranenburg, Marian Leiden University, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Engels, Rutger Leiden University, Erasmus University Rotterdam
Language	NL
Cohort international identifier
Funding information	Dutch Research Council 024.001.003 Funder identifier https://ror.org/04jsz6e67 ROR Identifier type URI https://ror.org/ Funder award title Gravitation program Funder award URI
Cohort reference papers
Classification
Contact information
Waves
Contributors	Wierenga, Lara Leiden University Achterberg, Michelle Leiden University, Erasmus University Rotterdam
References	Crone, E. A., Achterberg, M., Dobbelaar, S., Euser, S., van den Bulk, B., van der Meulen, M., ... & van IJzendoorn, M. H. (2020). Neural and behavioral signatures of social evaluation and adaptation in childhood and adolescence: the Leiden consortium on individual development (L-CID). Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience, 45, 100805. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dcn.2020.100805 Euser, S., Bakermans-Kranenburg, M. J., van den Bulk, B. G., Linting, M., Damsteegt, R. C., Vrijhof, C. I., ... & van IJzendoorn, M. H. (2016). Efficacy of the Video-feedback Intervention to promote Positive Parenting and Sensitive Discipline in Twin Families (VIPP-Twins): Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. BMC Psychology, 4(1), 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40359-016-0139-y
Country code	NL
Geographic location
Lowest geographic reference
Highest geographic reference	country
Cohort universe description	3-9 year old same-sex twin pairs and their parents
Analysis unit
Additional info (URL)
Additional information
Time method	Longitudinal.CohortEventBased

L-CID: Middle Childhood Cohort Cohort

Alternate title	mcc
Description	The Middle Childhood Cohort of the Leiden Consortium on Individual Development (L-CID) is a large-scale longitudinal intervention study in which +- 250 families with same-sex twins, aged 7-8 at wave 1, are followed over a six year period. Annual assessments consist of alternating lab- or home visits during which behavioral and neurobiological data are collected. The collected data allow, among others, for testing which child characteristics shape the effect of (manipulated) environmental factors. The aim of the Middle Childhood Cohort is twofold: 1. To investigate the development of social competence and behavioral control in children between 7 and 14 years old; 2. To dissect the reason why not all children are equally responsive to variations in the social environment.
Purpose	The primary aim of the Middle Childhood Cohort of the Leiden Consortium on Individual Development (L-CID) study is to increase our understanding of the developmental pathways of social behavior and behavioral control that are important to the development of social competence, from middle childhood to young adulthood. If we better understand the mechanisms involved in developmental processes of social competence, this allows us to understand optimal conditions that add to the well-being of developing individuals.
Publisher	Leiden University Leiden University Medical Center
Creators	van IJzendoorn, Marinus Leiden University, Erasmus University Rotterdam, University of Cambridge Crone, Eveline Leiden University, Erasmus University Rotterdam Bakermans-Kranenburg, Marian Leiden University, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Engels, Rutger Leiden University, Erasmus University Rotterdam
Language	NL
Cohort international identifier
Funding information	Dutch Research Council 024.001.003 Funder identifier https://ror.org/04jsz6e67 ROR Identifier type URI https://ror.org/ Funder award title Gravitation program Funder award URI
Cohort reference papers
Classification
Contact information
Waves
Contributors	Wierenga, Lara Leiden University Achterberg, Michelle Leiden University, Erasmus University Rotterdam van der Meulen, Mara Leiden University
References	Crone, E. A., Achterberg, M., Dobbelaar, S., Euser, S., van den Bulk, B., van der Meulen, M., ... & van IJzendoorn, M. H. (2020). Neural and behavioral signatures of social evaluation and adaptation in childhood and adolescence: the Leiden consortium on individual development (L-CID). Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience, 45, 100805. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dcn.2020.100805 Euser, S., Bakermans-Kranenburg, M. J., van den Bulk, B. G., Linting, M., Damsteegt, R. C., Vrijhof, C. I., ... & van IJzendoorn, M. H. (2016). Efficacy of the Video-feedback Intervention to promote Positive Parenting and Sensitive Discipline in Twin Families (VIPP-Twins): Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. BMC Psychology, 4(1), 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40359-016-0139-y
Country code	NL
Geographic location
Lowest geographic reference
Highest geographic reference	country
Cohort universe description	7-14 year old same-sex twin pairs and their parents
Analysis unit
Additional info (URL)
Additional information
Time method	Longitudinal.CohortEventBased

Measure was collected within the following wave(s):

MCC - T5 Wave

Wave alternate title	mcc5, mcc_ses-w05
Short description of the wave	Wave 5 of the Middle Childhood Cohort consisted of regular home visits before the start of the Covid-19 pandemic, and digital home visits during the Covid-19 pandemic. In both cases, 11-13 year old children from about 160 families were observed while they performed tasks and they and their parents/caretakers filled out an online questionnaire. Participants also took measurements on their own at home. During the Covid-19 pandemic, however, some tasks were dropped and no (functional) Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) measurements were taken.
Type of StudyUnit
Publisher	Leiden University Leiden University Medical Center
Creators	Leiden University, Erasmus University Rotterdam, University of Cambridge Leiden University, Erasmus University Rotterdam Leiden University, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Leiden University, Erasmus University Rotterdam
Funding information	Dutch Research Council 024.001.003 Funder identifier ROR Identifier type URI https://ror.org/ Funder award title Gravitation program Funder award URI
References
(sub) cohort	L-CID: Middle Childhood Cohort
Life stage
Coverage percentage of the measurement for this wave
Start date wave collection	2019-11-04
End date wave collection	2021-04-28
Wave universe description	11.0 - 13.0 years
Stage of measurement
Language	NL
Description of physical data product	paper forms/questionnaires, digital files, biomedical samples
Additional info (URL)
Additional information
Contributors	van der Meulen, Mara Leiden University van Drunen, Lina Leiden University, Erasmus University Rotterdam Dobbelaar, Simone Leiden University, Erasmus University Rotterdam Zwanenburg, Bram van Mierlo, Daphne Jacobs-Rijnboutt, Judith Leiden University, Erasmus University Rotterdam Geurts, Lisanne Drenth, Nadieh Leiden University Medical Center Dobbinga, Sjoerd Boer, Olga Erasmus University Rotterdam Baljé, Veronica Nielsen, Vibeke Leiden University Huijser, Dorien Utrecht University