Inventory of Callous-Unemotional traits (ICU)

The Inventory of Callous-Unemotional traits (ICU) is a 24-item questionnaire that assesses callous and unemotional (CU) traits, a central feature of psychopathy, also known as abnormal affective empathy (Jones et al., 2010). CU traits are defined by a lack of empathy, guilt, remorse and emotion (Moran et al., 2009). The ICU has three subscales: callousness, uncaring and unemotional. There are five versions of the scale, relating to age (youth or preschool) and who completes the ICU (self, parent or teacher). The ICU is made up of statements with a 4-point Likert scale, ranging from 0 (Not at all true) to 3 (Definitely True), with higher scores indicating greater CU traits. Example items include statements such as: “I express my feelings openly”, “ I feel bad or guilt when I do something wrong” and “I do not care if I get in trouble”.

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Keywords	antisocial behavior callous-unemotional trait social behavior psychopathic trait affective empathy guilt callousness remorse
Constructs	personality sociocognitive and emotional development
Waves	Middle Childhood Cohort MCC - T2 P1C P2C 8.0 - 10.0 years From 2016-08-21 to 2018-01-24 MCC - T3 P1C P2C 9.0 - 11.0 years From 2017-08-27 to 2018-09-30
Mode of collection	SelfAdministeredQuestionnaire
Analysis unit	Individual
Instrument name	Inventory of Callous-Unemotional Traits (ICU)
Measure name	Inventory of Callous-Unemotional Traits (ICU)
References	Frick, P. J. (2004). Inventory of callous–unemotional traits. PLoS ONE. Roose, A., Bijttebier, P., Decoene, S., Claes, L., & Frick, P. J. (2009). Assessing the Affective Features of Psychopathy in Adolescence: A Further Validation of the Inventory of Callous and Unemotional Traits. Assessment, 17(1), 44–57. https://doi.org/10.1177/1073191109344153

Measure was collected within the following cohort study:

Leiden Consortium on Individual Development Cohort study

Purpose	The primary aim of the Leiden-CID study is to increase our understanding of the developmental pathways of social behavior and behavioral control that are important to the development of social competence, from early childhood to young adulthood. If we better understand the mechanisms involved in developmental processes of social competence, this allows us to understand optimal conditions that add to the well-being of developing individuals.
description
Alternate title	L-CID, Leiden-CID, Samen Uniek
Data access information	L-CID believes that open science is important in improving scientific quality. Therefore, our we make our codebooks, protocols and collected (meta)data accessible to other researchers. https://www.developmentmatters.nl/data-access/
Publisher	Leiden University Leiden University Medical Center
Principal investigators	van IJzendoorn, Marinus Leiden University, Erasmus University Rotterdam, University of Cambridge Crone, Eveline Leiden University, Erasmus University Rotterdam Bakermans-Kranenburg, Marian Leiden University, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Engels, Rutger Leiden University, Erasmus University Rotterdam
Cohort study international identifier
Language	NL
Funding information	Dutch Research Council 024.001.003 Funder identifier https://ror.org/04jsz6e67 Funder identifier type ROR Funder identifier type URI https://ror.org/ Funder award title Gravitation program Funder award URI
Contact information	Eveline Crone Leiden University, Erasmus University Rotterdam ecrone@fsw.leidenuniv.nl
References	Crone, E. A., Achterberg, M., Dobbelaar, S., Euser, S., van den Bulk, B., van der Meulen, M., ... & van IJzendoorn, M. H. (2020). Neural and behavioral signatures of social evaluation and adaptation in childhood and adolescence: the Leiden consortium on individual development (L-CID). Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience, 45, 100805. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dcn.2020.100805 Euser, S., Bakermans-Kranenburg, M. J., van den Bulk, B. G., Linting, M., Damsteegt, R. C., Vrijhof, C. I., ... & van IJzendoorn, M. H. (2016). Efficacy of the Video-feedback Intervention to promote Positive Parenting and Sensitive Discipline in Twin Families (VIPP-Twins): Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. BMC Psychology, 4(1), 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40359-016-0139-y
Additional info (URL)
Additional information
Contributors	Wierenga, Lara Leiden University Achterberg, Michelle Leiden University, Erasmus University Rotterdam
Time method	Longitudinal
Universe	Same-sex (51% girls), mono- and dizygotic twins between 3 and 16 years old, and their parents (primary parent and other parent). Children in the early childhood cohort (ECC; N = 476) were followed from 3 to 9 years of age, whereas children in the middle childhood cohort (MCC; N = 514) were followed from 7 to 16 years. All participants lived in the Netherlands (within two hours travel time from Leiden). The majority of the participants were Caucasian (ECC: 88%, MCC: 90%). Additionally, participants had both a low, middle-, as well as a high socio-economic status (ECC: 7–37–56%, MCC: 9–46–45%). To be eligible to participate, potential participants had to be fluent in Dutch, their parents and grandparents had to be born in Europe (because of genetic analyses), and the twins should have the same gender. Excluded were children with a congenital disability, psychological disorder, chronic illness, hereditary disease, or a visual or hearing impairment if the disorder disabled the child from performing the behavioral tasks or from participating in the (f)MRI or EEG/ERP measure. Children with a previously diagnosed intellectual disability (IQ < 70), history of neurological or psychiatric illness and/or use of psychotropic medications were also excluded. Lastly, contraindications for fMRI, including metal implants, heart arrhythmia, and claustrophobia would lead to exclusion as well.

Alternate title	mcc
Description	The Middle Childhood Cohort of the Leiden Consortium on Individual Development (L-CID) is a large-scale longitudinal intervention study in which +- 250 families with same-sex twins, aged 7-8 at wave 1, are followed over a six year period. Annual assessments consist of alternating lab- or home visits during which behavioral and neurobiological data are collected. The collected data allow, among others, for testing which child characteristics shape the effect of (manipulated) environmental factors. The aim of the Middle Childhood Cohort is twofold: 1. To investigate the development of social competence and behavioral control in children between 7 and 14 years old; 2. To dissect the reason why not all children are equally responsive to variations in the social environment.
Purpose	The primary aim of the Middle Childhood Cohort of the Leiden Consortium on Individual Development (L-CID) study is to increase our understanding of the developmental pathways of social behavior and behavioral control that are important to the development of social competence, from middle childhood to young adulthood. If we better understand the mechanisms involved in developmental processes of social competence, this allows us to understand optimal conditions that add to the well-being of developing individuals.
Publisher	Leiden University Leiden University Medical Center
Creators	van IJzendoorn, Marinus Leiden University, Erasmus University Rotterdam, University of Cambridge Crone, Eveline Leiden University, Erasmus University Rotterdam Bakermans-Kranenburg, Marian Leiden University, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Engels, Rutger Leiden University, Erasmus University Rotterdam
Language	NL
Cohort international identifier
Funding information	Dutch Research Council 024.001.003 Funder identifier https://ror.org/04jsz6e67 ROR Identifier type URI https://ror.org/ Funder award title Gravitation program Funder award URI
Cohort reference papers
Classification
Contact information
Waves
Contributors	Wierenga, Lara Leiden University Achterberg, Michelle Leiden University, Erasmus University Rotterdam van der Meulen, Mara Leiden University
References	Crone, E. A., Achterberg, M., Dobbelaar, S., Euser, S., van den Bulk, B., van der Meulen, M., ... & van IJzendoorn, M. H. (2020). Neural and behavioral signatures of social evaluation and adaptation in childhood and adolescence: the Leiden consortium on individual development (L-CID). Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience, 45, 100805. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dcn.2020.100805 Euser, S., Bakermans-Kranenburg, M. J., van den Bulk, B. G., Linting, M., Damsteegt, R. C., Vrijhof, C. I., ... & van IJzendoorn, M. H. (2016). Efficacy of the Video-feedback Intervention to promote Positive Parenting and Sensitive Discipline in Twin Families (VIPP-Twins): Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. BMC Psychology, 4(1), 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40359-016-0139-y
Country code	NL
Geographic location
Lowest geographic reference
Highest geographic reference	country
Cohort universe description	7-14 year old same-sex twin pairs and their parents
Analysis unit
Additional info (URL)
Additional information
Time method	Longitudinal.CohortEventBased

Measure was collected within the following wave(s):

MCC - T2 Wave

Wave alternate title	mcc2, mcc_ses-w02
Short description of the wave	Wave 2 of the Middle Childhood Cohort consisted of parent- and child-reported online questionnaires and a home visit in which 8-10 year old children from about 240 families were observed by researchers while performing several tasks. Additionally, physiological samples were taken (e.g., hair samples). Participants were also asked to take measurements on their own at home for several days after the home visit. Furthermore, to experimentally examine social enrichment, we included a parenting intervention, which allows us to investigate causal effects of parenting on social development. Between the 2nd (MCC - T2) and 3rd (MCC - T3) measurement, 40% of the sample received a video feedback intervention to promote positive parenting and sensitive discipline (VIPP-SD).
Type of StudyUnit
Publisher	Leiden University Leiden University Medical Center
Creators	van IJzendoorn, Marinus Leiden University, Erasmus University Rotterdam, University of Cambridge Crone, Eveline Leiden University, Erasmus University Rotterdam Bakermans-Kranenburg, Marian Leiden University, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Engels, Rutger Leiden University, Erasmus University Rotterdam
Funding information	024.001.003 Funder identifier ROR Identifier type URI https://ror.org/ Funder award title Gravitation program Funder award URI
References
(sub) cohort	L-CID: Middle Childhood Cohort
Life stage
Coverage percentage of the measurement for this wave
Start date wave collection	2016-08-21
End date wave collection	2018-01-24
Wave universe description	8.0 - 10.0 years
Stage of measurement
Language	NL
Description of physical data product	paper forms/questionnaires, digital files, biomedical samples
Additional info (URL)
Additional information
Contributors	Achterberg, Michelle Leiden University, Erasmus University Rotterdam van der Meulen, Mara Leiden University Dobbelaar, Simone Leiden University, Erasmus University Rotterdam van Hees, Debby Bilo, Elisabeth Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Lubbers, Kyra Drenth, Nadieh Leiden University Medical Center Nibbering, Nikki Leiden University

MCC - T3 Wave

Wave alternate title	mcc3, mcc_ses-w03
Short description of the wave	Wave 3 of the Middle Childhood Cohort consisted of parent- and child-reported online questionnaires and a lab visit in which 9-11 year old children from about 230 families were observed while performing several tasks. During some of the tasks, brain structure- and activity was measured by means of (functional) Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). Additionally, physiological samples were taken (e.g., hair and DNA samples). Participants were also asked to take measurements on their own at home for several days after the lab visit. Furthermore, to experimentally examine social enrichment, we included a parenting intervention, which allows us to investigate causal effects of parenting on social development. Between the 2nd (MCC - T2) and 3rd (MCC - T3) measurement, 40% of the sample received a video feedback intervention to promote positive parenting and sensitive discipline (VIPP-SD).
Type of StudyUnit
Publisher	Leiden University Leiden University Medical Center
Creators	van IJzendoorn, Marinus Leiden University, Erasmus University Rotterdam, University of Cambridge Crone, Eveline Leiden University, Erasmus University Rotterdam Bakermans-Kranenburg, Marian Leiden University, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Engels, Rutger Leiden University, Erasmus University Rotterdam
Funding information	024.001.003 Funder identifier ROR Identifier type URI https://ror.org/ Funder award title Gravitation program Funder award URI
References
(sub) cohort	L-CID: Middle Childhood Cohort
Life stage
Coverage percentage of the measurement for this wave
Start date wave collection	2017-08-27
End date wave collection	2018-09-30
Wave universe description	9.0 - 11.0 years
Stage of measurement
Language	NL
Description of physical data product	paper forms/questionnaires, digital files, biomedical samples
Additional info (URL)
Additional information
Contributors	Achterberg, Michelle Leiden University, Erasmus University Rotterdam van der Meulen, Mara Leiden University van Hees, Debby Janmaat, Lizzy Drenth, Nadieh Leiden University Medical Center Nibbering, Nikki Leiden University de Vet, Sanne Leiden University Bloemen, Tammy Hak, Tanja

You can also access this dataset using the API (see API Docs).

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author_email	None
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dc_analysis_unit	{Individual}
dc_cohort	L-CID
dc_common_id	0049_CD2
dc_instrument_name	Inventory of Callous-Unemotional Traits (ICU)
dc_measure_name	Inventory of Callous-Unemotional Traits (ICU)
id	312c6eb2-4fec-466e-931d-8aa6943e44f3
isopen	False
license_title	None
maintainer	None
maintainer_email	None
metadata_created	2024-10-17T12:03:26.503444
metadata_modified	2024-10-20T12:28:03.176658
name	3b4b7b009ac15182bd17b5fa5d9070b5
notes	The Inventory of Callous-Unemotional traits (ICU) is a 24-item questionnaire that assesses callous and unemotional (CU) traits, a central feature of psychopathy, also known as abnormal affective empathy (Jones et al., 2010). CU traits are defined by a lack of empathy, guilt, remorse and emotion (Moran et al., 2009). The ICU has three subscales: callousness, uncaring and unemotional. There are five versions of the scale, relating to age (youth or preschool) and who completes the ICU (self, parent or teacher). The ICU is made up of statements with a 4-point Likert scale, ranging from 0 (Not at all true) to 3 (Definitely True), with higher scores indicating greater CU traits. Example items include statements such as: “I express my feelings openly”, “ I feel bad or guilt when I do something wrong” and “I do not care if I get in trouble”.
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organization	{'id': '74e90384-6fe3-44ca-8184-c4d845120a50', 'name': 'l-cid', 'title': 'L-CID', 'type': 'organization', 'description': 'The Leiden Consortium on Individual Development (L-CID) study was founded by Marinus van IJzendoorn, Eveline Crone, Marian Bakermans-Kranenburg and Rutger Engels in 2013. It was developed as one of four work packages of the overarching Consortium on Individual Development (CID). The L-CID study is a large-scale longitudinal intervention study in which 500 families with same-sex twins are followed over a six year period. L-CID has a cohort-sequential design with two cohorts: an early childhood cohort (ECC), aged 3-4 at wave 1, and a middle childhood cohort (MCC), aged 7-8 at wave 1. Annual assessments consist of alternating lab- or home visits during which behavioral and neurobiological data are collected. The collected data allow, among others, for testing which child characteristics shape the effect of (manipulated) environmental factors. The aim of L-CID is twofold: 1. To investigate the development of social competence and behavioral control in children between 3 and 14 years old; 2. To dissect the reason why not all children are equally responsive to variations in the social environment.', 'image_url': 'https://data.individualdevelopment.nl/img/logo_lcid.png', 'created': '2024-10-17T13:43:12.442911', 'is_organization': True, 'approval_status': 'approved', 'state': 'active'}
owner_org	74e90384-6fe3-44ca-8184-c4d845120a50
private	False
state	active
title	Inventory of Callous-Unemotional traits (ICU)
type	measure
cohort	[{'cohort_alternate_title': 'mcc', 'cohort_description': 'The Middle Childhood Cohort of the Leiden Consortium on Individual Development (L-CID) is a large-scale longitudinal intervention study in which +- 250 families with same-sex twins, aged 7-8 at wave 1, are followed over a six year period. Annual assessments consist of alternating lab- or home visits during which behavioral and neurobiological data are collected. The collected data allow, among others, for testing which child characteristics shape the effect of (manipulated) environmental factors. The aim of the Middle Childhood Cohort is twofold: 1. To investigate the development of social competence and behavioral control in children between 7 and 14 years old; 2. To dissect the reason why not all children are equally responsive to variations in the social environment.', 'cohort_language': 'NL', 'cohort_purpose': 'The primary aim of the Middle Childhood Cohort of the Leiden Consortium on Individual Development (L-CID) study is to increase our understanding of the developmental pathways of social behavior and behavioral control that are important to the development of social competence, from middle childhood to young adulthood. If we better understand the mechanisms involved in developmental processes of social competence, this allows us to understand optimal conditions that add to the well-being of developing individuals.', 'cohort_spatial_country_code': 'NL', 'cohort_spatial_highest_reference': 'country', 'cohort_time_method': 'Longitudinal.CohortEventBased', 'cohort_title': 'L-CID: Middle Childhood Cohort', 'cohort_universe': '7-14 year old same-sex twin pairs and their parents', 'cohort_contributor': [{'cohort_contributor': 'Wierenga, Lara', 'cohort_contributor_affiliation': 'Leiden University', 'cohort_contributor_affiliation_identifier': 'https://ror.org/027bh9e22', 'cohort_contributor_affiliation_identifier_scheme': 'ROR', 'cohort_contributor_affiliation_identifier_schemeuri': 'https://ror.org/', 'cohort_contributor_identifier_schemeuri': 'https://orcid.org/', 'cohort_contributor_identifier_type': 'ORCID', 'cohort_contributor_pid': '0000-0001-9362-563X'}, {'cohort_contributor': 'Achterberg, Michelle', 'cohort_contributor_affiliation': 'Leiden University, Erasmus University Rotterdam', 'cohort_contributor_affiliation_identifier': 'https://ror.org/027bh9e22', 'cohort_contributor_affiliation_identifier_scheme': 'ROR', 'cohort_contributor_affiliation_identifier_schemeuri': 'https://ror.org/', 'cohort_contributor_identifier_schemeuri': 'https://orcid.org/', 'cohort_contributor_identifier_type': 'ORCID', 'cohort_contributor_pid': '0000-0001-5874-6495'}, {'cohort_contributor': 'van der Meulen, Mara', 'cohort_contributor_affiliation': 'Leiden University', 'cohort_contributor_affiliation_identifier': 'https://ror.org/027bh9e22', 'cohort_contributor_affiliation_identifier_scheme': 'ROR', 'cohort_contributor_affiliation_identifier_schemeuri': 'https://ror.org/', 'cohort_contributor_identifier_schemeuri': 'https://orcid.org/', 'cohort_contributor_identifier_type': 'ORCID', 'cohort_contributor_pid': '0000-0002-5401-4630'}], 'cohort_creator': [{'cohort_creator_affiliation': 'Leiden University, Erasmus University Rotterdam, University of Cambridge', 'cohort_creator_affiliation_identifier': 'https://ror.org/027bh9e22', 'cohort_creator_affiliation_identifier_scheme': 'ROR', 'cohort_creator_affiliation_identifier_schemeuri': 'https://ror.org/', 'cohort_creator_identifier_schemeuri': 'https://orcid.org/', 'cohort_creator_identifier_type': 'ORCID', 'cohort_creator_name': 'van IJzendoorn, Marinus', 'cohort_creator_pid': '0000-0003-1144-454X'}, {'cohort_creator_affiliation': 'Leiden University, Erasmus University Rotterdam', 'cohort_creator_affiliation_identifier': 'https://ror.org/027bh9e22', 'cohort_creator_affiliation_identifier_scheme': 'ROR', 'cohort_creator_affiliation_identifier_schemeuri': 'https://ror.org/', 'cohort_creator_identifier_schemeuri': 'https://orcid.org/', 'cohort_creator_identifier_type': 'ORCID', 'cohort_creator_name': 'Crone, Eveline', 'cohort_creator_pid': '0000-0002-7508-6078'}, {'cohort_creator_affiliation': 'Leiden University, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam', 'cohort_creator_affiliation_identifier': 'https://ror.org/027bh9e22', 'cohort_creator_affiliation_identifier_scheme': 'ROR', 'cohort_creator_affiliation_identifier_schemeuri': 'https://ror.org/', 'cohort_creator_identifier_schemeuri': 'https://orcid.org/', 'cohort_creator_identifier_type': 'ORCID', 'cohort_creator_name': 'Bakermans-Kranenburg, Marian', 'cohort_creator_pid': '0000-0001-7763-0711'}, {'cohort_creator_affiliation': 'Leiden University, Erasmus University Rotterdam', 'cohort_creator_affiliation_identifier': 'https://ror.org/027bh9e22', 'cohort_creator_affiliation_identifier_scheme': 'ROR', 'cohort_creator_affiliation_identifier_schemeuri': 'https://ror.org/', 'cohort_creator_identifier_schemeuri': 'https://orcid.org/', 'cohort_creator_identifier_type': 'ORCID', 'cohort_creator_name': 'Engels, Rutger', 'cohort_creator_pid': '0000-0003-1944-9126'}], 'cohort_funding': [{'cohort_funder': 'Dutch Research Council', 'cohort_funder_award_title': 'Gravitation program', 'cohort_funder_identifier': 'https://ror.org/04jsz6e67', 'cohort_funder_identifier_schemuri': 'https://ror.org/', 'cohort_funder_identifier_type': 'ROR', 'cohort_grant_number': '024.001.003'}], 'cohort_publisher': [{'cohort_publisher_identifier': 'https://ror.org/027bh9e22', 'cohort_publisher_identifier_type': 'ROR', 'cohort_publisher_name': 'Leiden University'}, {'cohort_publisher_identifier': 'https://ror.org/05xvt9f17', 'cohort_publisher_identifier_type': 'ROR', 'cohort_publisher_name': 'Leiden University Medical Center'}], 'cohort_references': [{'cohort_reference_citation': 'Crone, E. A., Achterberg, M., Dobbelaar, S., Euser, S., van den Bulk, B., van der Meulen, M., ... & van IJzendoorn, M. H. (2020). Neural and behavioral signatures of social evaluation and adaptation in childhood and adolescence: the Leiden consortium on individual development (L-CID). Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience, 45, 100805. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dcn.2020.100805', 'cohort_reference_identifier': 'https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dcn.2020.100805', 'cohort_reference_identifier_type': 'DOI', 'cohort_reference_type': 'IsDescribedBy'}, {'cohort_reference_citation': 'Euser, S., Bakermans-Kranenburg, M. J., van den Bulk, B. G., Linting, M., Damsteegt, R. C., Vrijhof, C. I., ... & van IJzendoorn, M. H. (2016). Efficacy of the Video-feedback Intervention to promote Positive Parenting and Sensitive Discipline in Twin Families (VIPP-Twins): Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. BMC Psychology, 4(1), 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40359-016-0139-y', 'cohort_reference_identifier': 'https://doi.org/10.1186/s40359-016-0139-y', 'cohort_reference_identifier_type': 'DOI', 'cohort_reference_type': 'IsDescribedBy'}]}]
dc_DOI	[{'dc_identifier_type': 'DOI', 'dc_pid': '10.60641/pe2r-bd50'}]
dc_constructs	[{'dc_construct': 'personality'}, {'dc_construct': 'sociocognitive and emotional development'}]
dc_labels	[{'dc_label': 'antisocial behavior'}, {'dc_label': 'callous-unemotional trait'}, {'dc_label': 'social behavior'}, {'dc_label': 'psychopathic trait'}, {'dc_label': 'affective empathy'}, {'dc_label': 'guilt'}, {'dc_label': 'callousness'}, {'dc_label': 'remorse'}]
dc_measurement_references	[{'dc_measurements_references_citation': 'Frick, P. J. (2004). Inventory of callous–unemotional traits.\xa0PLoS ONE.', 'dc_measurements_references_doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1007/s10862-012-9315-4'}, {'dc_measurements_references_citation': 'Roose, A., Bijttebier, P., Decoene, S., Claes, L., & Frick, P. J. (2009). Assessing the Affective Features of Psychopathy in Adolescence: A Further Validation of the Inventory of Callous and Unemotional Traits. Assessment, 17(1), 44–57. https://doi.org/10.1177/1073191109344153\n', 'dc_measurements_references_doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1177/1073191109344153'}]
dc_modes_of_collection	[{'dc_mode_of_collection': 'SelfAdministeredQuestionnaire'}]
measure_age_range	[{'measure_age_month': 96}, {'measure_age_month': 97}, {'measure_age_month': 98}, {'measure_age_month': 99}, {'measure_age_month': 100}, {'measure_age_month': 101}, {'measure_age_month': 102}, {'measure_age_month': 103}, {'measure_age_month': 104}, {'measure_age_month': 105}, {'measure_age_month': 106}, {'measure_age_month': 107}, {'measure_age_month': 108}, {'measure_age_month': 109}, {'measure_age_month': 110}, {'measure_age_month': 111}, {'measure_age_month': 112}, {'measure_age_month': 113}, {'measure_age_month': 114}, {'measure_age_month': 115}, {'measure_age_month': 116}, {'measure_age_month': 117}, {'measure_age_month': 118}, {'measure_age_month': 119}, {'measure_age_month': 120}, {'measure_age_month': 121}, {'measure_age_month': 122}, {'measure_age_month': 123}, {'measure_age_month': 124}, {'measure_age_month': 125}, {'measure_age_month': 126}, {'measure_age_month': 127}, {'measure_age_month': 128}, {'measure_age_month': 129}, {'measure_age_month': 130}, {'measure_age_month': 131}, {'measure_age_month': 132}]
study	[{'study_alternate_title': ['L-CID', 'Leiden-CID', 'Samen Uniek'], 'study_language': 'NL', 'study_purpose': 'The primary aim of the Leiden-CID study is to increase our understanding of the developmental pathways of social behavior and behavioral control that are important to the development of social competence, from early childhood to young adulthood. If we better understand the mechanisms involved in developmental processes of social competence, this allows us to understand optimal conditions that add to the well-being of developing individuals.', 'study_time_method': 'Longitudinal', 'study_universe': 'Same-sex (51% girls), mono- and dizygotic twins between 3 and 16 years old, and their parents (primary parent and other parent). Children in the early childhood cohort (ECC; N = 476) were followed from 3 to 9\u2009years of age, whereas children in the middle childhood cohort (MCC; N = 514) were followed from 7 to 16 years. All participants lived in the Netherlands (within two hours travel time from Leiden). The majority of the participants were Caucasian (ECC: 88%, MCC: 90%). Additionally, participants had both a low, middle-, as well as a high socio-economic status (ECC: 7–37–56%, MCC: 9–46–45%).\n\nTo be eligible to participate, potential participants had to be fluent in Dutch, their parents and grandparents had to be born in Europe (because of genetic analyses), and the twins should have the same gender. Excluded were children with a congenital disability, psychological disorder, chronic illness, hereditary disease, or a visual or hearing impairment if the disorder disabled the child from performing the behavioral tasks or from participating in the (f)MRI or EEG/ERP measure. Children with a previously diagnosed intellectual disability (IQ < 70), history of neurological or psychiatric illness and/or use of psychotropic medications were also excluded. Lastly, contraindications for fMRI, including metal implants, heart arrhythmia, and claustrophobia would lead to exclusion as well.', 'title': 'Leiden Consortium on Individual Development', 'study_contact': [{'study_contact_affiliation': 'Leiden University, Erasmus University Rotterdam', 'study_contact_mail': 'ecrone@fsw.leidenuniv.nl', 'study_contact_name': 'Eveline Crone'}], 'study_contributor': [{'study_contributor_affiliation': 'Leiden University', 'study_contributor_affiliation_identifier': 'https://ror.org/027bh9e22', 'study_contributor_affiliation_identifier_scheme': 'ROR', 'study_contributor_affiliation_identifier_schemeuri': 'https://ror.org/', 'study_contributor_identifier_schemeuri': 'https://orcid.org/', 'study_contributor_identifier_type': 'ORCID', 'study_contributor_name': 'Wierenga, Lara', 'study_contributor_pid': '0000-0001-9362-563X'}, {'study_contributor_affiliation': 'Leiden University, Erasmus University Rotterdam', 'study_contributor_affiliation_identifier': 'https://ror.org/027bh9e22', 'study_contributor_affiliation_identifier_scheme': 'ROR', 'study_contributor_affiliation_identifier_schemeuri': 'https://ror.org/', 'study_contributor_identifier_schemeuri': 'https://orcid.org/', 'study_contributor_identifier_type': 'ORCID', 'study_contributor_name': 'Achterberg, Michelle', 'study_contributor_pid': '0000-0001-5874-6495'}], 'study_data_access': [{'study_data_access_URL': 'https://www.developmentmatters.nl/data-access/', 'study_data_access_description': 'L-CID believes that open science is important in improving scientific quality. Therefore, our we make our codebooks, protocols and collected (meta)data accessible to other researchers.'}], 'study_funding': [{'study_funder': 'Dutch Research Council', 'study_funder_award_title': 'Gravitation program', 'study_funder_identifier': 'https://ror.org/04jsz6e67', 'study_funder_identifier_schemuri': 'https://ror.org/', 'study_funder_identifier_type': 'ROR', 'study_grant_number': '024.001.003'}], 'study_principal_investigators': [{'study_pi_affiliation': 'Leiden University, Erasmus University Rotterdam, University of Cambridge', 'study_pi_affiliation_identifier': 'https://ror.org/027bh9e22', 'study_pi_affiliation_identifier_scheme': 'ROR', 'study_pi_affiliation_identifier_schemeuri': 'https://ror.org/', 'study_pi_identifier_schemeuri': 'https://orcid.org/', 'study_pi_identifier_type': 'ORCID', 'study_pi_name': 'van IJzendoorn, Marinus', 'study_pi_pid': '0000-0003-1144-454X'}, {'study_pi_affiliation': 'Leiden University, Erasmus University Rotterdam', 'study_pi_affiliation_identifier': 'https://ror.org/027bh9e22', 'study_pi_affiliation_identifier_scheme': 'ROR', 'study_pi_affiliation_identifier_schemeuri': 'https://ror.org/', 'study_pi_identifier_schemeuri': 'https://orcid.org/', 'study_pi_identifier_type': 'ORCID', 'study_pi_name': 'Crone, Eveline', 'study_pi_pid': '0000-0002-7508-6078'}, {'study_pi_affiliation': 'Leiden University, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam', 'study_pi_affiliation_identifier': 'https://ror.org/027bh9e22', 'study_pi_affiliation_identifier_scheme': 'ROR', 'study_pi_affiliation_identifier_schemeuri': 'https://ror.org/', 'study_pi_identifier_schemeuri': 'https://orcid.org/', 'study_pi_identifier_type': 'ORCID', 'study_pi_name': 'Bakermans-Kranenburg, Marian', 'study_pi_pid': '0000-0001-7763-0711'}, {'study_pi_affiliation': 'Leiden University, Erasmus University Rotterdam', 'study_pi_affiliation_identifier': 'https://ror.org/027bh9e22', 'study_pi_affiliation_identifier_scheme': 'ROR', 'study_pi_affiliation_identifier_schemeuri': 'https://ror.org/', 'study_pi_identifier_schemeuri': 'https://orcid.org/', 'study_pi_identifier_type': 'ORCID', 'study_pi_name': 'Engels, Rutger', 'study_pi_pid': '0000-0003-1944-9126'}], 'study_publisher': [{'study_publisher_identifier': 'https://ror.org/027bh9e22', 'study_publisher_identifier_schemeuri': 'https://ror.org/', 'study_publisher_identifier_type': 'ROR', 'study_publisher_name': 'Leiden University'}, {'study_publisher_identifier': 'https://ror.org/05xvt9f17', 'study_publisher_identifier_schemeuri': 'https://ror.org/', 'study_publisher_identifier_type': 'ROR', 'study_publisher_name': 'Leiden University Medical Center'}], 'study_references': [{'study_reference_citation': 'Crone, E. A., Achterberg, M., Dobbelaar, S., Euser, S., van den Bulk, B., van der Meulen, M., ... & van IJzendoorn, M. H. (2020). Neural and behavioral signatures of social evaluation and adaptation in childhood and adolescence: the Leiden consortium on individual development (L-CID). Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience, 45, 100805. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dcn.2020.100805', 'study_reference_identifier': 'https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dcn.2020.100805', 'study_reference_identifier_type': 'DOI', 'study_reference_type': 'IsDescribedBy'}, {'study_reference_citation': 'Euser, S., Bakermans-Kranenburg, M. J., van den Bulk, B. G., Linting, M., Damsteegt, R. C., Vrijhof, C. I., ... & van IJzendoorn, M. H. (2016). Efficacy of the Video-feedback Intervention to promote Positive Parenting and Sensitive Discipline in Twin Families (VIPP-Twins): Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. BMC Psychology, 4(1), 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40359-016-0139-y', 'study_reference_identifier': 'https://doi.org/10.1186/s40359-016-0139-y', 'study_reference_identifier_type': 'DOI', 'study_reference_type': 'IsDescribedBy'}]}]
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Between the 2nd (MCC - T2) and 3rd (MCC - T3) measurement, 40% of the sample received a video feedback intervention to promote positive parenting and sensitive discipline (VIPP-SD).', 'wave_end_date_collection': '2018-01-24', 'wave_language': 'NL', 'wave_physical_data_product_description': 'paper forms/questionnaires, digital files, biomedical samples', 'wave_start_date_collection': '2016-08-21', 'wave_title': 'MCC - T2', 'wave_universe': '96-120', 'wave_contributor': [{'wave_contributor_affiliation': 'Leiden University, Erasmus University Rotterdam', 'wave_contributor_affiliation_identifier': 'https://ror.org/027bh9e22', 'wave_contributor_affiliation_identifier_scheme': 'ROR', 'wave_contributor_affiliation_identifier_schemeuri': 'https://ror.org/', 'wave_contributor_identifier_schemeuri': 'https://orcid.org/', 'wave_contributor_identifier_type': 'ORCID', 'wave_contributor_name': 'Achterberg, Michelle', 'wave_contributor_pid': '0000-0001-5874-6495'}, {'wave_contributor_affiliation': 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'wave_creator_affiliation_identifier_scheme': 'ROR', 'wave_creator_affiliation_identifier_schemeuri': 'https://ror.org/', 'wave_creator_identifier_schemeuri': 'https://orcid.org/', 'wave_creator_name': 'Bakermans-Kranenburg, Marian', 'wave_creator_pid': '0000-0001-7763-0711'}, {'wave_creator_affiliation': 'Leiden University, Erasmus University Rotterdam', 'wave_creator_affiliation_identifier': 'https://ror.org/027bh9e22', 'wave_creator_affiliation_identifier_scheme': 'ROR', 'wave_creator_affiliation_identifier_schemeuri': 'https://ror.org/', 'wave_creator_identifier_schemeuri': 'https://orcid.org/', 'wave_creator_name': 'Engels, Rutger', 'wave_creator_pid': '0000-0003-1944-9126'}], 'wave_funding': [{'wave_funder_award_title': 'Gravitation program', 'wave_funder_identifier_schemuri': 'https://ror.org/', 'wave_funder_identifier_type': 'ROR', 'wave_grant_number': '024.001.003'}], 'wave_publisher': [{'wave_publisher_identifier': 'https://ror.org/027bh9e22', 'wave_publisher_identifier_type': 'ROR', 'wave_publisher_name': 'Leiden University'}, {'wave_publisher_identifier': 'https://ror.org/05xvt9f17', 'wave_publisher_identifier_type': 'ROR', 'wave_publisher_name': 'Leiden University Medical Center'}], 'wave_subject_codes': [{'wave_subject_code': 'P1C', 'wave_subject_code_translated': 'Primary parent on Child'}, {'wave_subject_code': 'P2C', 'wave_subject_code_translated': 'Other parent on Child'}]}, {'wave_alternate_title': ['mcc3', 'mcc_ses-w03'], 'wave_cohort': 'L-CID: Middle Childhood Cohort', 'wave_cohort_ckan_id': '69167eb3827c0d244a614196604f10e7', 'wave_description': 'Wave 3 of the Middle Childhood Cohort consisted of parent- and child-reported online questionnaires and a lab visit in which 9-11 year old children from about 230 families were observed while performing several tasks. During some of the tasks, brain structure- and activity was measured by means of (functional) Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). Additionally, physiological samples were taken (e.g., hair and DNA samples). Participants were also asked to take measurements on their own at home for several days after the lab visit. Furthermore, to experimentally examine social enrichment, we included a parenting intervention, which allows us to investigate causal effects of parenting on social development. 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Inventory of Callous-Unemotional traits (ICU)

Leiden Consortium on Individual Development Cohort study

L-CID: Middle Childhood Cohort Cohort

MCC - T2 Wave

MCC - T3 Wave